Problem 2

Add Two Numbers

Posted by Ruizhi Ma on July 9, 2019

问题描述

You are given two non-empty linked lists representing two non-negative integers. The digits are stored in reverse order and each of their nodes contain a single digit. Add the two numbers and return it as a linked list.

You may assume the two numbers do not contain any leading zero, except the number 0 itself.

Example:

Input: (2 -> 4 -> 3) + (5 -> 6 -> 4)
Output: 7 -> 0 -> 8
Explanation: 342 + 465 = 807.

解决思路

核心就是如何处理进位问题:用一个carry记录两位数之和,carry求余的结果作为个位数,再对carry除完之后的结果返还给carry,再下一次计算的时候,刚好作为进位,存储进去。这个方法遇到第二次了,值得借鉴。

问题解惑

  1. temp作用是?全程没有对res进行操作,为什res最后会有结果?
    因为除了基本类型之外,所有new一个对象,实际上都指向的是该对象的地址。所以res实际上指向的是一个地址,而res = temp,所以temp和res指向了相同的地址,对temp操作实际上就是对res进行了操作。
  2. temp.next = new ListNode(carry % 10)和return res.next中,为什么第一次存储存在了节点的第二个?
    因为一开始ListNode temp = new ListNode(0)对数组进行初始化,这个步骤是必须的。所以实际上节点第一个值是0,已经被占了,所以直接从节点第二个开始存,最后return也直接从第二个节点开始返回,刚好就是结果。

代码

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * public class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {

    public ListNode addTwoNumbers(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        //corner case
        if(l1 == null && l2 == null) return null;
        
        //to store the sum of two digits
        int carry = 0;
        
        ListNode res;
        ListNode temp = new ListNode(0);
        res = temp;
        
        while(l1 != null || l2 != null || carry != 0){
            
            //process adding of two digits 
            if(l1 != null){
                carry += l1.val;
                l1 = l1.next;
            }
            if(l2 != null){
                carry += l2.val;
                l2 = l2.next;
            }
            
            //get the sum of two digits and carry still fuction as itself
            temp.next = new ListNode(carry % 10);
            temp = temp.next;
            carry /= 10;
        }
        
        return res.next;
    }
}

复杂度探究

时间复杂度:O(n)
空间复杂度:O(n)